Palomar globular star clusters

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What at all are Palomar globular star clusters?

The catalog of the Palomar globular star clusters (GC) includes 15 members of all together very faint globular star cluster. Except  Palomar 9 (NGC 6717) and Palomar 7 (IC 1276) all these clusters were discovered and classified very late on plates of the Palomar Observatory Sky Survey (POSS) between 1949-1959. Except its usually very faint brightness and its observing challenge these globular star clusters do not have many thing in common. Most different age, sizes and distances do not let these GC's divide clearly into an obvious scheme.

Num. RA DEC Con. Size Uranometria 2
1 03 33 23.0 +79 34 50 Cep 1.8' 7
2 04 46 05.9 +31 22 51 Aur 1.9' 59
3 10 05 31.0 +00 04 17 Sex 2.8' 113
4 11 29 16.8 +28 58 25 UMa 2.1' 72
5 15 16 05.3 -00 06 41 Ser 6.9' 108
6 17 43 42.2 -26 13 21 Oph 1.2' 146
7 18 10 44.3 -07 12 27 Ser 7.1' 126
8 18 41 29.9 -19 49 33 Sgr 4.7' 145
9 18 55 06.2 -22 42 01 Sgr 3.9' 145
10 19 18 02.1 +18 34 18 Sge 3.5' 66
11 19 45 14.4 -08 00 26 Aql 3.2' 124
12 21 46 38.8 -21 15 03 Cap 2.9' 143
13 23 06 44.5 +12 46 19 Peg 1.8' 82
14 16 11 00.3  +14 57 34 Her 2.1' 87
15 16 59 51.0 -00 32 31 Oph 3.0' 107

 

Object (DSS) Sketch Date, Faintest Star, Aperture, Magnification - Description
Palomar 1

DSS 10' x 10'
Sketch (klick for enlargement)
19.09.2004; fst 7,0 (Pol); 16" Newton; 129x
only with exact map to find, small, not laminar, consists of a few very faint stars
Palomar 2

DSS 10' x 10'
Sketch (klick for enlargement)
26.11.2006; fst 6,9 (Pol); 16" Newton; 225x
faint GC, can hold it with averted vision; round; concentrated to its middle; diffus edges; no stars

19.09.2004; fst 7,0 (Pol); 16" Newton; 129x
easier to detect than Pal 1, circular, concentrated to its middle, no stars, structureless
Palomar 3

DSS 10' x 10'
Sketch (klick for enlargement)
01.05.2005; fst 6,6 (Pol); 16" Newton; 129x
no visual detection even under good sky conditions

24.01.2006; fst 6,5 (Pol); 16" Newton; 129x
only with max. AP, faint, round, structureless glow
Palomar 4

DSS 10' x 10'
Sketch (klick for enlargement)
01.05.2005; fst 6,6 (Pol); 16" Newton; 51x
extremely difficult to verify, sketch confirms successfully observation by later map alignment, GC appears somewhat larger than listed
Palomar 5

DSS 10' x 10'
Sketch (klick for enlargement)
ITV 2004; fst 6,5 (Pol); 16" Newton; 51x
first try together with Martin Schoenball, we both see somewhat faint but in wrong position, negative observation

09.08.2004; fst 7,0 (Pol); 16" Newton; 51x
finally seen under very good sky conditions; nevertheless extremely difficulty to detect; only with max. AP, large, circular wisp of light NW a mag 9 field star

14.04.2007; fst 6m8 (Pol); 16" Newton; 69x
under good sky best view with 5,8mm AP; also with max. AP (7,8mm), not successful with 4mm AP; stands between one 9mag and one 11mag star; visually as a round, 6' large, very faint spot of light; 3-4 stars glimpsed out between the GC, Can hold GC with averted vision
 
Palomar 6

DSS 10' x 10'
Sketch (klick for enlargement)
09.08.2004; fst 7,0 (Pol); 16" Newton; 129x
dangerous star field; I see a group of mag 14 - mag 15 stars somewhat south of the exact position

05.09.2005; fst 7,0 (Pol); 16" Newton; 129x
now successfully because of very transparent sky, faint wisp of light with max. AP, at 129x surprisingly simple, circular
Palomar 7

DSS 10' x 10'
Sketch (klick for enlargement)
17.09.2004; fst 7,2 (Pol); 16" Newton; 257x
star-empty area, easy to detect, bar elongated E-W, 3 stars are resolved at the edge of the GC

10.08.2008; fst 6m5+; 4" Newton; 63x
 at 18x not visible; visible starting with 44x; round, relativly large; can hold GC with averted vision; at the N border 11mag star; best view with 63x, more difficult to see with 88x
Palomar 8

DSS 10' x 10'
Sketch (klick for enlargement)
17.09.2004; fst 7,2 (Pol); 16" Newton; 257x
rich star field, GC easy to detect, mottled appearance, a few very faint stars glimpsed trough the  GC, faint stars around the globular star cluster

10.08.2008; fst 6m5+; 4" Newton; 88x
at 18x not visible; with 44x easy but small; best view with 88x; rich starfield; no concentation to its middle; 2 faint stars at the border; can hold GC with direct vision
Palomar 9

DSS 10' x 10'
Sketch (klick for enlargement)
17.09.2004; fst 7,2 (Pol); 16" Newton; 515x
very small, circular, south of mag 5 star n² Sgr, with high power lots of details, brighter central part north to dominating, nearly centrically star, at NE edge of the GC another brighter area, framed from two faint stars (=Bigourdans star clump =  IC 4802), at the S edge another brighter area

13.09.2007; fst 7+ (Pol); 20" Newton; 400x
GC bright, very similar detail like description with 16", star clump IC 4802 bright

10.08.2008; fst 6m5+; 4" Newton; 126x
 starting with 31x very small nebula; bright; best view with 126x; round and a little concentated
 
Palomar 10

DSS 10' x 10'
Sketch (klick for enlargement)
20.08.2004; fst 6,5 (Pol); 16" Newton; 129x
very faint, difficult to detect

19.09.2004; fst 7,0 (Pol); 16" Newton; 129x
faint, large, circular, some stars are resolved at the edge of the GC, structureless
Palomar 11

DSS 10' x 10'
Sketch (klick for enlargement)
17.09.2004; fst 7,2 (Pol); 16" Newton; 257x
faint, circular, also visible with higher power, 3 stars glimpsed through the halo, no other structure

13.09.2007; fst 7+ (Pol); 20" Newton
bright, can easily seen with lower magnification, with higher magnification a dozen of stars can be seen

06.09.2005; fst 7,0 (Pol); 24" Newton
bright, circular, spectacular resolution into a couple of dozens of stars
Palomar 12

DSS 10' x 10'
Sketch (klick for enlargement)
17.09.2004; fst 7,2 (Pol); 16" Newton; 257x
easy to detect, elongated NW-SE, 2 stars glimpsed through the GC, structureless

10.08.2008; fst 6m5+; 4" Newton; 44x
 extremely difficult; near the position a close DS; above the DS a very faint nebula; can not separate the nebula from the DS; best view with 44x (AP ~2,3mm); no sure observation
Palomar 13

DSS 10' x 10'
Sketch (klick for enlargement)
17.09.2004; fst 7,2 (Pol); 16" Newton; 51x
even under perfect sky conditions hard to detect, only with max. AP (7mm), circular, structureless, neighbour of the famous S-shaped spiral galaxy NGC 7479

30.10.2005; fst 7,2 (And); 16" Newton; 51x
only with max. AP, faint, round, structureless glow
Palomar 14

DSS 10' x 10'
Sketch (klick for enlargement)
09.08.2005; fst 7,0 (Pol); 16" Newton; 51x
extremly difficult globular star cluster, next to Palomar 15 one of the challenging objects in the Palomar-list, very faint glow, within a triangle of mag 11 - mag 12 stars

28.08.2008; fst 7+ (Pol); 16" Newton; 75x
very faint glow around GSC 9573541; the emphasis of the glow lies in the line between GSC 9573541 and GSC 95763 at 1/3 to 9573541; round glow; relativly simple to see; can hold glow with averted vision; no concentration to its middle; only to see with 4mm AP
Palomar 15

DSS 10' x 10'
Sketch (klick for enlargement)
09.08.2005; fst 7,0 (Pol); 16" Newton
no detection of Pal 15, small star group 3' south

05.09.2005; fst 7,0 (Pol); 16" Newton; 129x
one of the most difficult globular star cluster next to Palomar 14, very dim glow, no definite observation of the GC

06.09.2005; fst 7,0 (Pol); 24" Newton; 126x
even with 24" and perfect sky very difficult object, best result with AP 6mm, very faint, round glow at the accurate position, another observer confirms difficult observation

© DSS Bilder: Space Telescope Science Institute (California Institute of Technology, National Science Foundation, the National Geographic Society, the Sloan Foundation, the Samuel Oschin Foundation, Eastman Kodak Corporation)

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